利用GPS观测值监测电离层的时空变化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

寇瑞雄  李仲勤  高志钰 《全球定位系统》2018,43(4):36-41

研究电离层时空变规律对卫星导航、航空航天和通讯等具有重要价值。文中利用IGS站提供的GPS双频观测数据,采用区域电离层模型估计GPS系统硬件延迟,从而计算绝对电离层总电子含量。在时间尺度上,选择COR1站的2012年、2015年和2017年的数据进行时间变化分析,结果表明,电离层总电子含量在时间上呈现出周日变化、月变化和季节性变化。在空间方面,选择了经度相差较小、纬度方向分布均匀的CRO1、BRMU、UNBJ和QIKI四个IGS站进行分析,结果表明在纬度方向具有明显的单峰效应,随着纬度的增大电离层总电子含量呈现减小趋势。   相似文献   

基于BDS广播星历的卫星轨道拟合精度分析          下载免费PDF全文

李振昌  李仲勤  寇瑞雄 《全球定位系统》2018,43(6):87-91

在实时定位导航中,为了提高利用BDS广播星历计算卫星位置的效率,提出将卫星轨道拟合为一个多项式.首先利用切比雪夫多项式拟合法,将拟合时段固定为1 h,拟合间隔固定为5 min,每30 s选取一个检验点,利用不同的拟合阶数,分别对GEO、IGSO、MEO三类不同类型的北斗卫星轨道进行拟合分析;然后将拟合阶数固定为9,利用2～6 min的拟合时间间隔,将三类卫星作为整体进行轨道拟合分析.算例表明,只要选取合适的拟合阶数,三类不同类型的北斗卫星轨道拟合精度都较高,拟合误差最大值在厘米级,误差均值在毫米级,满足精度要求;固定9阶拟合多项式时,2～6 min时间间隔的拟合精度都可以满足精度需求.切比雪夫多项式拟合法适用于BDS广播星历的卫星轨道拟合.   相似文献   

三调正射影像生产中道路扭曲的快速纠正方法          下载免费PDF全文

马瑞峰  杜全叶  张力  董友强  姜慧伟 《全球定位系统》2018,43(6):44-50

土地调查中数字正射影像(DOM)底图生产是开展资源与环境监测、国情普查的基础.针对正射纠正后影像中存在大量扭曲区域,特别是道路区域,本文提出全新作业模式,即通过编辑道路扭曲区域数字高程模型(DEM),进行实时局部正射纠正来实现.高分辨测绘卫星影像高分二号和北京二号两组实验数据生产表明,该方法实现了影像道路扭曲区域的快速纠正,纠正后道路区域边缘地物没有出现明显错位现象.同时,一定数量道路区域控制点的局部纠正前后精度对比,表明该方法很大程度提高了道路扭曲区域的纠正精度,平面精度优于4 m,满足我国1:1万正射影像生产精度要求.   相似文献   

靖远地区大厚度黄土地基浸水湿陷过程及土中竖向应力特征试验研究     

刘德仁  安政山  徐硕昌  王旭  张转军  金芯  张严 《岩土力学》2023,44(1):268-278

为了研究靖远大厚度黄土在浸水条件下的水分入渗规律和自重湿陷变形特征,在中兰铁路沿线的靖远北站黄土自重湿陷场地进行了不打注水孔的现场浸水试验,监测并分析了地表及地下湿陷变形、试坑周围裂缝、含水率和土中竖向应力变化情况,对水分扩散规律、自重湿陷特性和土中竖向应力变化规律进行了研究,并对地区修正系数β0值和浸润角进行了探讨。结果表明：体积含水率变化分为浸水稳定（2个）、快速增加（1个）和缓慢增加（1个）共4个阶段;浸水过程中,水分在21m处竖向入渗加快、径向扩散减缓,湿润峰最终形态呈现为椭圆状。根据探井和钻孔含水率测试结果,推算出浸润角最大为41°。该场地黄土自重湿陷过程历经剧烈湿陷、缓慢湿陷和固结稳定3个阶段。试验结束时共计发展了13圈环状裂缝,裂缝最远处距试坑边缘26m。根据室内试验和现场测试结果,建议地区修正系数沿土层深度进行修正,0～10m内β0值取1.05,10～27 m内β0值取0.95。在地表至21 m深度范围内,地基土浸水饱和且湿陷充分,土中竖向应力沿深度呈线性增加,土中竖向应力接近饱和自重应力,21m以下的地基土未能充分湿陷,土中竖向应力逐渐减小。该研究成果可应用于中兰铁路...  相似文献   

A Comparison Study on the δD Value of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Hydrous Pyrolysate of Herbaceous Peat with Different Water Medium     

DUAN Yi  WU Yingzhong  XING Lantian  WU Yingqin  ZHAO Yang  LI Zhongping  MA Lanhu  DUAN Mingchen 《《地质学报》英文版》2023,97(6):1734-1743

To investigate the influence of diagenetic water media on the hydrogen isotopes of individual sedimentary aromatic compounds, a series of hydrous pyrolyses were conducted on herbaceous peat. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in hydrous pyrolysed samples and their hydrogen isotopic composition characteristics were studied. The aqueous medium demonstrated a significant influence on the hydrogen isotopic composition of the individual PAHs generated during pyrolysis. The results showed that the PAHs formed after pyrolysis in the presence of a saltwater medium with high δD value from a salt lake had a heavy hydrogen isotopic composition. The PAHs formed after pyrolysis in the presence of a fresh water medium with low δD value from a swamp had a light hydrogen isotopic composition. The difference in the average PAH δD value between the two hydrous experiments varied from –174‰ to –109‰, suggesting that the hydrogen isotopic composition of individual sedimentary PAHs can reflect the source of the diagenetic water medium. In addition, a comparative study found that the hydrogen isotopes of PAHs were superior to those of n-alkanes in the same sample for diagenetic water indications. The results indicated that the exchange of water-derived inorganic hydrogen and organic hydrogen was more intensive in freshwater experiments than in saltwater experiments. With an increase in the simulation temperature, the average δD value of PAHs generated in the hydrous simulation experiments showed an increasing trend, reflecting that the δD value of sedimentary PAHs formed with the participation of diagenetic water media was still closely related to the thermal maturity of organic matter. Comparative studies showed that the δD values of different types of organic compounds produced by hydrous pyrolysis of peat were in the order, PAHs > n-alkanes > methane.  相似文献   

铁路重力式桥墩墩底局部加密纵筋高度研究          下载免费PDF全文

丁明波  鲁锦华  陈兴冲  马华军  张熙胤 《地震工程学报》2022,44(5):1034-1040

为研究墩底加密纵筋高度对铁路重力式桥墩抗震性能的影响,提出加密纵筋高度的确定原则,推导纵筋加密高度计算公式.设计5个不同加密纵筋类型的桥墩,通过数值分析研究桥墩的滞回曲线和骨架曲线,对比分析墩底加密纵筋后桥墩的抗震性能.研究结果表明:墩底局部加密纵向钢筋可有效提高桥墩的承载能力;桥墩抗震设计验算时截面配筋率可取墩底纵筋加密后的截面配筋率;数值分析结果验证纵筋加密高度计算公式的合理性.研究成果可为铁路重力式桥墩抗震设计提供有价值的参考.  相似文献   

Multiproxy Paleosol Evidence for Jurassic Paleoclimate Fluctuations in the Sichuan Basin, SW China     

LI Jun  WEN Xingyue  PAN Yuanyuan  HUANG Chengmin 《《地质学报》英文版》2022,96(6):2105-2124

Paleoclimate reconstruction of continental environments has been hampered by the limited evidence. A thick sequence of Jurassic continental deposits in the Sichuan Basin, Southwest China yields abundant paleosols that may offer valuable insights regarding Jurassic climate scenarios. A succession of 169 paleosols belonging to Protosols, Calcisols, and Argillisols from 23 detailed stratigraphic sections was recognized and characterized macro- and micromorphologically and assessed for mineral and geochemical compositions. Quantitative paleoclimate reconstructions using bulk geochemical proxies, the depth to and the stable oxygen isotopic composition of paleosol carbonates indicated a predominant alternation of semiarid and arid cool/warm-temperate climatic conditions punctuated by several episodes of subhumid and humid climates that generally prevailed in the Sichuan Basin during the Jurassic. The estimated paleoatmospheric CO2 concentrations (pCO2) from calcic paleosols yielded a low range of ~104 ± 58 to ~610 ± 152 ppmv during the Middle Jurassic. The terrestrial paleotemperature changes in the Sichuan Basin coincided with the pCO2 variations, which probably resulted from global geological events (e.g., volcanic activities, magmatic and oceanic events, and the ephemeral caps development) in the Middle Jurassic. Jurassic climatic fluctuations in the basin were likely attributed to true polar wander due to global plate motion, megamonsoon effect linked to global and regional paleogeography, and regional paleotopography.  相似文献   

黄土基覆层边坡动力破坏特征的大型振动台试验研究     

谢显龙  廖昕  施艳秋  蒋翰  吴红刚 《工程地质学报》2022,30(4):1371-1379

为了探讨黄土基覆层边坡动力破坏特征与加速度的响应关系,采用1∶20振动台试验,设置输入地震波幅值逐级增大,实时监测边坡裂缝试验全周期内发育规律,应用MATLAB动力破坏特征检测系统获取地表裂缝的基本信息,提出边坡表面动力破坏特征,并结合各工况监测点加速度峰值变化规律进行分析。得到如下结论:(1)输入加速度峰值0.6g时,坡顶和坡脚的裂缝宽度、裂缝面积均有跳跃性增长,表明土岩接触面部位土体已发生累进剪切破坏,滑面和坡面上的加速度峰值响应突变,振幅突变较大,表明边坡已经发生破坏。(2)沿坡面和滑面加速度放大系数均呈非线性增加,而沿坡面的放大系数在各工况下明显比沿滑面的大,说明加速度沿高程放大效应明显。(3)拉裂缝和剪切裂缝面积突增是边坡破坏的重要特征,贯通裂缝产生和加速度响应突变可以作为边坡动力破坏的依据。  相似文献   

Linking moisture and near-surface wind with winter temperature to reveal the Holocene climate evolution in arid Xinjiang region of China     

《地学前缘(英文版)》2022,13(6):101433

An increasing number of palaeo-climatic records have been reported to identify the Holocene climate history in the arid Xinjiang region of northwest China. However, few studies have fully considered the internal linkages within the regional climate system, which may limit our understanding of the forcing mechanisms of Holocene climate change in this region. Here, we systematically consider three major issues of the moisture/precipitation, temperature and near-surface wind relevant to the Holocene climate history of Xinjiang. First, despite there still has debated for the Holocene moisture evolution in this region, more climatic reconstructions from lake sediments, loess, sand-dunes and peats support a long-term regional wetting trend. Second, temperature records from ice cores, peats and stalagmites demonstrate a long-term winter warming trend during the Holocene in middle- to high-latitudes of Asia. Third, recent studies of aeolian sedimentary sequences reveal that the near-surface winds in winter gradually weakened during the Holocene, whereas the winter mid-latitude Westerlies strengthened in the Tienshan Mountains. Based on this evidence, in the arid Xinjiang region we propose an early to middle Holocene relatively cold and dry interval, with strong near-surface winds; and a warmer, wetter interval with weaker near-surface winds in the middle to late Holocene during winter. Additionally, we develop a conceptual model to explain the pattern of Holocene climate changes in this region. From the early to the late Holocene, the increasing atmospheric CO₂ content and winter insolation, and the shrinking of high-latitude continental ice-sheets, resulted in increasing winter temperatures in middle to high latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere. Subsequently, the increased winter temperature strengthened the winter mid-latitude Westerlies and weakened the Siberian high-pressure system, which caused an increase in winter precipitation and a decrease in near-surface wind strength. This scenario is strongly supported by evidence from geological records, climate simulation results, and modern reanalysis data. Our hypothesis highlights the important contribution of winter temperature in driving the Holocene climatic evolution of the arid Xinjiang region, and it implies that the socio-economic development and water resources security of this region will face serious challenges presented by the increasing winter temperature in the future.  相似文献   

絮凝−电渗法联合治理淤泥质土试验研究     

杨佳乐  李双洋  刘德仁  王旭  朱怀太  徐硕昌 《岩土力学》2022,43(10):2861-2872

针对传统电渗法治理淤泥质土过程中排水效率低且治理后土体不均匀等问题,从改变软黏土颗粒自身持水特性角度出发,提出采用新型有机高分子材料阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺（APAM）联合电渗法治理淤泥质土的思路。利用自制的一维电渗固结试验装置,探究絮凝−电渗法联合作用机制以及不同絮凝剂掺入比对电渗排水加固效果的影响规律。试验结果表明：与传统电渗法相比较,絮凝剂 APAM 的掺入减少了软黏土颗粒表面的结合水膜厚度,使得淤泥质土的前期电渗排水速率和累计排水量显著提升,从而降低了电渗法的平均能耗系数;同时,絮凝剂高分子长链的“吸附架桥”作用增强了土颗粒的黏结力和絮凝沉积效果,有效缓解了电渗过程中细小黏粒迁移集聚而造成的阴极淤堵问题;治理后淤泥质土的抗剪强度大幅增高,土体的均匀性也得到了明显改善,且当絮凝剂 APAM 掺入比为 0.30% 时,土体的电渗排水固结效果最佳。  相似文献